Rapid identification of nonblood sterile site broth cultures using the FilmArray blood culture identification panel

The FilmArray Blood Culture Identification Panel was validated for nonblood sterile site specimens with clinical impact of rapid identification compared to conventional diagnostics. The panel accurately identified target organisms from 98% of positive broth cultures a median 1.1?day faster than conventional techniques (P?<?0.0001) with potential clinical impact in 22% of cases.     

Human fluids alter DNA-acquisition in Acinetobacter baumannii

Transformation is one of the mechanisms of acquisition of foreign genetic material leading to the emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria. Recently, human serum albumin (HSA) was shown to specifically increase transformation frequency in the nosocomial pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii. To further assess the relevance of HSA as a possible modulator of A. baumannii transformation in host-pathogen interactions, in this work we examined the effect of different human fluids. We observed a significant increase in transformation frequencies in the presence of pleural fluid, whole blood cells and liquid ascites, and to a lesser extent with urine. The observed effects correlate with both HSA and bacterial content found in the assayed patient fluids. Taken together, these results are in agreement with our previous findings that highlight HSA as a possible host signal with the ability to trigger natural transformation in A. baumannii.     

Evaluation of Central Venous Access with Accelerated Seldinger Technique Versus Modified Seldinger Technique

Background

Central vein catheter (CVC) placement using the modified Seldinger technique is a common procedure in the emergency department, but can be time consuming due to the multiple pieces of equipment included in central line kits and the number of steps in the procedure. Preassembled devices combine a needle, guidewire, dilator, and sheath into one unit and potentially simplify the process and reduce time required for CVC placement using the accelerated Seldinger technique.

基于脾主肌肉探讨苓桂术甘汤在慢性心力衰竭中的应用

中医学认为,脾气健运则肌肉丰盈有活力,脾病则肌肉萎缩不用。责之于心,则现心肌收缩无力,呈心力衰竭诸症。脾又为后天之本,气血生化之源,气血的生成、推动与心肌的濡养均与脾密切相关。临床从脾论治心力衰竭疗效确切,"脾主肌肉"可能为其重要机制之一。苓桂术甘汤健脾利水、温阳蠲饮,临床可用于对心力衰竭的治疗。     

A unique case of pure lateral spinal cord herniation

BackgroundSpinal cord herniation (SCH) remains a challenging diagnosis for neuroradiologists and may require treatment challenging for neurosurgeons. Most cord herniations are usually found at anterior thoracic levels.Clinical presentationA 28-year-old woman presented at our department with a 7-year history of progressive myelopathy. MR analysis showed a displacement of the spinal cord in a lateral thoracic dural defect. The herniated cord was released using a microscope and the patient significantly recovered 6 months after surgery.ConclusionWe present a unique case of pure lateral SCH. In the light of reviewed literature and operative findings, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are discussed.     

Cost-effectiveness of maternal immunization against neonatal invasive Group B Streptococcus in the Netherlands

BackgroundNeonatal invasive Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection causes considerable disease burden in the Netherlands. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) prevents early-onset disease (EOD), but has no effect on late-onset disease (LOD). A potential maternal GBS vaccine could prevent both EOD and LOD by conferring immunity in neonates.ObjectiveExplore under which circumstances maternal vaccination against GBS would be cost-effective as an addition to, or replacement for the current risk factor-based IAP prevention strategy in the Netherlands.MethodsWe assessed the maximum cost-effective price per dose of a trivalent (serotypes Ia, Ib, and III) and hexavalent (additional serotypes II, IV, and V) GBS vaccine in addition to, or as a replacement for IAP. To project the prevented costs and disease burden, a decision tree model was developed to reflect neonatal GBS disease and long-term health outcomes among a cohort based on 169,836 live births in the Netherlands in 2017.ResultsUnder base-case conditions, maternal immunization with a trivalent vaccine would gain 186 QALYs and prevent more than €3.1 million in health care costs when implemented in addition to IAP. Immunization implemented as a replacement for IAP would gain 88 QALYs compared to the current prevention strategy, prevent €1.5 million in health care costs, and avoid potentially ~ 30,000 IAP administrations. The base-case results correspond to a maximum price of €58 per dose (vaccine + administration costs; using a threshold of €20,000/QALY). Expanding the serotype coverage to a hexavalent vaccine would only have a limited additional impact on the cost-effectiveness in the Netherlands.ConclusionsA maternal GBS vaccine could be cost-effective when implemented in addition to the current risk factor-based IAP prevention strategy in the Netherlands. Discontinuation of IAP would save costs and prevent antibiotic use, however, is projected to lead to a lower health gain compared to vaccination in addition to IAP.     

术中目标导向液体治疗在腹膜后巨大恶性肿瘤切除术患儿中的应用

目的:探讨基于脉压变异度（PPV）的目标导向液体治疗（GDFT）在腹膜后巨大恶性肿瘤切除术患儿中的应用。方法:择期行腹膜后巨大恶性肿瘤切除术患儿64例，年龄0.5~3岁，ASA Ⅱ-Ⅲ级。随机将患儿分为目标导向液体治疗组（G组）和常规液体治疗组（C组），每组32例。G组以PPV为指导，根据GDFT方案进行液体管理，C组采用常规液体管理。记录手术开始（T1）、手术开始后1 h（T2）、手术结束（T3）的MAP、CVP、PPV、Lac值、TNF-α、IL-6浓度。记录术中输注晶体液量、胶体液量、液体总量、出血量、尿量、手术时间、多巴胺使用率以及排气时间、术后住院时间和恶心呕吐发生率。结果:G组输注晶体液量显著少于C组（P＜0.05），而输注胶体液量显著多于C组（P＜0.05）。两组术中输注液体总量、出血量、尿量与多巴胺使用率方面差异无统计学意义。T2、T3时刻，G组PPV、TNF-α、IL-6显著低于C组（P＜0.05），而两组间MAP、CVP、Lac在各时点差异无统计学意义。G组术后排气时间明显短于C组（P＜0.05），而在术后恶心呕吐发生率和住院时间方面两组差异无统计学意义。结论:PPV指导的GDFT可以应用于腹膜后巨大恶性肿瘤切除术患儿，能维持其血流动力学稳定，减少炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α释放，促进胃肠功能恢复，但对术后转归无明显影响。     

基于肝与雌激素相互关系探讨膀胱过度活动症

膀胱过度活动症是泌尿系的常见疾病,目前尚无理想的治疗方案。本文基于肝与雌激素相互关系论治膀胱过度活动症,从中医基础理论、膀胱过度活动症的病因病机、膀胱过度活动症与雌激素的关系、肝郁与雌激素的联系等方面进行阐述,为从肝郁-雌激素角度论治膀胱过度活动症提供依据。     

Physiology of shock and volume resuscitation

Haemorrhagic and severe hypovolaemic shock can be rapidly fatal unless identified and resuscitated quickly. Monitoring of haemodynamic and cellular end points is crucial in guiding treatment and improving outcomes. This article therefore focuses on the pathophysiology of hypovolaemic shock, volume resuscitation, haemostasis and approaches to management. Fluid resuscitation saves lives but debate remains regarding the ideal fluid type and strategy to use. Blood transfusion is also a critical therapy in the shocked, bleeding patient – strategies vary depending on the clinical situation. Coagulopathy can accompany haemorrhage, particularly in trauma, and administration of coagulation products should be guided by testing. The aim is to stabilize the patient until definitive control of haemorrhage can be achieved by intervention.